WHAT ARE DENTAL MATERIALS?



Anusavice says in his book, Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, that


The overarching purpose of dentistry is to preserve or enhance the dental patient's quality of life. This aim may be met through avoiding illness, reducing discomfort, increasing mastication efficiency, improving speech, and improving attractiveness.


Because many of these goals necessitate the replacement or modification of tooth structure, the main challenges for centuries have been the development and selection of biocompatible, long-lasting, direct-filling tooth restoratives and indirectly processed prosthetic materials that can withstand the harsh oral environment.


A natural tooth and its supporting bone and soft tissue are shown in a schematic cross-section. Under normal circumstances, the portion of the tooth that protrudes from the neighbouring gingiva tissue is referred to as the clinical crown, and the section that lies underneath the gingiva is referred to as the tooth root.


Enamel protects the crown of a tooth.


The root is protected by cementum and is made up of dentin and tissue contained inside one or more root canals.


Historically, animal teeth, bone, human teeth, ivory, seashells, ceramics, and metals have all been utilised as tooth crown and root replacements.


Restorative materials for replacing lost tooth structure have progressed relatively slowly during the last several millennia.


Metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites are the four types of materials utilised in dentistry today. Despite recent advancements in these materials' physical qualities, none of them are permanent.


Dentists and materials scientists will continue to look for the optimum restorative material in the twenty-first century.


A perfect restorative substance would be


(1) must be biocompatible,


(2) form a permanent link with tooth structure or bone,


(3) replicate the natural look of dental structure and other visible structures


(4) have qualities that are comparable to dental enamel, dentin, and other tissues, and


(5) be capable of beginning tissue repair or regeneration in the absence of or injury to tissues.


References:


1. Phillips' Science of Dental Materials by Anusavice

2. Bogdan condr on Unsplash



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