KNOW THE HISTORY OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

According to Vimal K Sikri's book, Textbook of Operative Dentistry,

When attempting to forget the past, it is customary to employ the phrase "the past is a history." But the million-dollar question is, 'Can we forget the past, or should we forget the past?'

Winston Churchill's response is appropriate. "The longer you can look back, the farther you can look ahead," he remarked.

It is a well-known reality that without knowledge of the past, one cannot completely appraise the challenges of the present.

The same is true in dentistry, and more specifically, in Operative Dentistry. In order to inspire the future, the past is remembered here in a humble manner.

Because writing was scarce throughout the age of primitive medicine and dentistry, history is unable to chronicle with confidence when and by whom dentistry was first performed.

Early attempts in dentistry were undertaken by Europeans and Arabians, who were primarily interested in goldwork prosthesis. Gold is often regarded as one of the earliest metal used in dentistry.

The ancient Babylonians, Assyrians, and Egyptians were aware of gold (4500-4000 BC).

Etruscans and Phoenicians were wearing gold crowns as early as 2700 BC. The practise lasted until 500-700 BC.

Hippocrates (460-370 BC), the founder of medicine, was born at Cos in the year 460 BC (Greece).

Many of his books make mention of teeth, their production, eruption, and other ailments.

In his book 'On Affection,' he states that if a tooth is decaying and loose, it must be pulled. If it is not deteriorated or loose but remains painful, it must be dessicated by cauterising.

At the time, it was assumed that individuals knew how to solder and rivet. Some historical images depict the use of gold wires to splint loose mandibular front teeth.

During that time, no remedial measures were taken.

Around the first century AD, Celsus (25 BC-50 AD) may have been the first to advocate filling huge voids with paper, lead, and other material.

Teeth filling was not widely used by ancient civilisations. Su Kung, a Chinese man, was the first to employ dental amalgam around 650 AD.

It is said that molten silver-tin amalgam heated in an iron kettle and then partially cooled by passing it through air at a distance was employed as a restorative substance.

The use of gold leaf to repair cavities was possibly the most important breakthrough in restorative dentistry throughout the mediaeval and early modern periods.

It is evident that gold leaves were widely employed during the time of Columbus. The thickness of gold leaf created by the Early Greeks was around 1/1,000,000 inch.

References:

1. Textbook of Operative Dentistry by Vimal K Sikri

2. Photo by Daniel Frank from Pexels

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